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1. Vespasian
   army in Egypt, and then by his troops in Judaea (July 11). Nevertheless, Vitellius, the occupant of the throne, had on his side the veteran legions of Gaul and the Rhineland, Rome's best troops. But the feeling in Vespasian's favour quickly gathered strength, and the armies of Moesia, Pannonia and Illyricum soon declared for him, and made him in fact master of half of the Roman world. His troops entered Italy on the north-east under the leadership of Antonius Primus, defeated the army of Vitellius at Bedriacum (or Betriacum) (which had awaited him in Mevania), sacked Cremona and advanced on Rome,
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2. Ken Livingstone
   and unsuccessfully stood for Parliament in the 1979 general election. Livingstone was re-admitted to the Labour Party in January 2004 following a five year suspension (curtailed to four years) after he stood against the official Labour Party candidate as an independent in the first mayoral election. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 GLC leadership 2 Livingstone in Parliament 3 London's first Mayor 4 Recent events GLC leadership In the election of May 7 1981, the Labour Party won control of the GLC, with moderate Labourite Andrew McIntosh (later Lord McIntosh) as leader. The day after the election, Livingstone challenged McIntosh for the
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3. Keynesian economics
   shifting of price allowed the two forces to equalize. Second, when the system produced extra wealth, it could be either saved for future consumption or invested in future production, and there was a system of supply and demand that affected this choice too. The interest rate on savings behaved like a price, equalizing the supply and demand of investment funds. Even in the worst years of the Depression, this theory defined economic collapse as the loss of incentives to produce. The proper solution was to reduce the price of labor to subsistence levels, causing prices to fall so that buying (employment)
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4. Knights Templar
   of Omar (a.k.a. "Dome of the Rock") on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. This they renamed Templum Domini. Represented on one of their seals, the structure was believed to be a remnant of the Temple of Jerusalem, and was the model for many Templar churches in Europe, for example the Temple church, London. See also Raphael's painting The Marriage of the Virgin on show in the Brera Gallery, Milan. The Templars were organized as a monastic order, following a rule created for them by Bernard of Clairvaux, the founder of the Cistercian Order. The Templars were well-connected and quickly became prime
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5. Kültepe
   the plain. The nearest modern city is Kayseri, about 20km south west. Several other cities in Anatolia also had Assyrian Karums, but the largest was at Kaniş. The settlement is divided into several periods, with habitation of later periods occurring higher up the mound on top of the remains of the earlier periods. Level IV. The first habitation. Writing was not used at this time. Level III. Another illiterate period of occupation. Level II, 1920 BC - 1840 BC. During this period Assyrian merchants established themselves in a ring of settlement surrounding the city. They did not conquer it, but paid
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6. Kullervo
   Kullervo Kullervos Curse by Akseli Gallen-Kallela In the Finnish Kalevala Kullervo was the ill-fated son of Kalervo. He is the only unredeemably tragic character in Finnish mythology. His father died in a clash with his own brother Untamo, who sells Kullervo as a slave to Ilmarinen. Later Kullervo flees and fin 2000 ds that his family is still alive except for his sister who has disappeared. Kullervo's father sends him to pay the taxes and on the way back he seduces his sister without realising who she is. Out of shame the sister commits suicide. Seeking revenge Kullervo kills Untamo and his family,
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7. January 23
   to the Allies. 1937 - In Moscow, 17 leading Communists go on trial accused of participating in a plot led by Leon Trotsky to overthrow Joseph Stalin's regime and assassinate its leaders. 1941 - Charles Lindbergh testifies before the United States Congress and recommends that the United States negotiate a neutrality pact with Adolf Hitler. 1943 - World War II: British forces capture Tripoli from the Nazis. 1943 - Duke Ellington plays at New York City's Carnegie Hall for the first time. 1950 - The Knesset passes a resolution that states Jerusalem is the capital of Israel. 1960 - The bathyscaphe
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8. James III of Scotland
   Shetland (theoretically only as a temporary measure to cover Margaret's dowry). Thus Scotland in 1470 reached its greatest ever territorial extent, when James permanently annexed the islands to the crown. James married Margaret in July, 1469 at Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh. The marriage produced three sons, James, the future James IV of Scotland, James duke of Ross, and John, earl of Mar. Conflict broke out between James and the Boyd family following the marriage. Robert and Thomas Boyd (with princess Mary) were out of the country involved in diplomacy when their regime was overthrown. Mary's marriage was later declared void in 1473.
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9. Janissary
   least encouraged to convert to Islam. Most did. For all practical purposes, janissaries belonged to the sultan. Unlike free Muslims, they were expressly forbidden to wear beards, only a moustache. Janissaries were taught to consider the corps as their home and family and the sultan as their de facto father. Only those who proved strong enough earned the rank of a true janissary at the age of 24 - 25. The regiment inherited the property of dead janissaries. Janissaries also learnt to follow the dictates of the dervish saint Haji Bektash who had blessed the first troops. Bektashi served as a
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10. Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán
    Guzmán (1951 to 1954) was the democratically-elected, reformist president of Guatemala. Overthrown in a CIA-led coup, he was replaced by a brutal dictatorship - one of the bloodiest in the region. After being elected to office, Arbenz Guzmán attempted to nationalize the United Fruit Company (UFC), an US-based corporation which controlled much of the counry's agricultural land. According to international law, fair compensation must be given for nationalized foreign holdings. A compensation on $600,000 was calculated, based on the underestimated land values UFC had declared in order to avoid taxes, which however the company, and USA's government, didn't find sufficient. In
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11. Jacquerie
    Jacquerie After the capture of the French king John II the Good in 1356 as part of the Hundred Years' War, the power in France devolved to the Estates General. However, the Estates General was too divided to provide effective government. To secure their rights, the French privileged classes forced the peasantry to pay ever-increasing taxes (for example, the taille)and to repair their war-damaged properties without compensation. This ill-treatment resulted in a series of bloody rebellions in several regions beginning in 1358. These rebellions were known as the
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12. Jellaladin Mahommed Akbar
    Agra, but when this proved untenable, he set up a roaming camp that let him keep a close eye on what was happening throughout the empire. He tried to develop and encourage commerce; he had the land accurately measured for the purpose of rightly adjusting taxation; he gave the strictest instructions to prevent extortion on the part of the tax gatherers. Religion He was at first Muslim, but skepticism as to the divine origin of the Koran led him to seek the true religion in an eclectic system. He accordingly set himself to obtain information about other religions, sent to Goa,
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13. Jewish holiday
    the first month of the Hebrew calendar. In Mishnaic times this holiday was celebrated as the New Year for Kings and months. In addition to this new year, the Mishna sets up three other New Year's: Elul 1, for animal tithes, Tishrei 1 (Rosh HaShanah), and Shevat 15, the New Year for Trees/fruit tithes. Ever since the Babylonian diaspora, only the Rosh HaShanah and Tu B'Shevat are still celebrated. Pesach (Passover) Erev Pesach - Nisan 14 Pesach - Nisan 15 Pesach commemorates the liberation of the Israelite slaves from Egypt. The first seder is on the 14th. On the night of
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14. Jean-Baptiste Colbert
    merchants. He claimed to be have Scottish ancestry. It is generally believed (but unconfirmed) that he spent his early youth at a Jesuit college, working for a Parisian banker; as well as, the father of Jean Chapelain. Before he was 20 years old, Colbert worked in the war office; a position generally attributed to the marriage of an uncle to the sister of Secretary of War Le Tellier. Colbert spent some time as an inspector of troops, eventually becoming the personal secretary of Le Tellier. In 1647, through some means or other, Colbert acquired the confiscated goods of an uncle, Pussort.
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15. Jean Gilbert Victor Fialin, duc de Persigny
    Jean Gilbert Victor Fialin, duc de Persigny Jean Gilbert Victor Fialin, duc de Persigny (February 11, 1808 - January 11, 1872), French statesman, was born at Saint-German Lespinasse (Loire), the son of a receiver of taxes. He was educated at Limoges, and entered the cavalry school at Saumur in 1826, becoming maréchal des logis in the 4th Hussars two years later. The share taken by his regiment in supporting the revolution of 1830 was regarded as insubordination, and
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16. Jerome Cavanagh
    is everywhere. Retail sales are up dramatically. Earnings are higher. Unemployment is lower. People are putting new aluminum sidings on their homes, new carpets on the floor, new cars in the garage. "Some people are forsaking the suburbs and returning to the city. Physically Detroit has acquired freshness and vitality. Acres of slums have been razed, and steel and glass apartments, angular and lonely in the vacated landscape, have sprung up in their place. In the central business district, hard by the Detroit River, severely rectangular skyscrapers—none more than 5 years old—jostle uncomfortably with the gilded behemoths of another age. "Accustomed
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17. Jesus Christ as the Messiah
    (Earliest) : Bethlehem c. 5 BC - Visit by shepherdss : Bethlehem Presentation in the temple : Jerusalem Visit by the Magi : Bethlehem Escape to Egypt : Nile Delta Return to Nazareth : Lower Galilee c. 4 BC - Herod's death John the Baptist born. c. 1 AD - Suggested birth : Bethlehem c. 6 AD - Suggested birth (Latest). [Quirinius census] c. 7 AD - Visit to temple as a boy : Jerusalem c.25 AD - Baptized : Jordan River 26 AD - Pilate appointed Judea governor c.26 AD - Tempted by Satan : Negev Desert Cleansing of the Jim Bakkerrather than for God. Most people are aware of Jim Bakker's $265,000 payoff to Jessica Hahn to keep her sexual services to him a secret, his longtime homosexual relationship with his right hand man David Taggart, his prison sentence, his close relationship to Billy Graham, and his lust for the public spotlight. As his fellow evangelists seemed to take their turns facing justified criticism, Billy Graham maintained his own integrity and the sincerity of his message. Far from publicly condemning his peers, Billy spoke of them with concern, and even visited Jim Bakker in prison. Franklin came to prison over and
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18. Jizya
    Jizya Jizya is the Arabic name of a protection tax levied by Muslims against the members of other communities. This is similar to the taxes levied in other nations. However, non-Muslims are not required to pay zakat, or mandatory charity. This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by fixing it.
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19. Joe Clark
    him as a sort of walking candy apple, with an enormous head and floppy dog-like ears. Initially, it seemed unlikely that a man that was the source of so much mockery could ever hope to compete against the confident and intellectual Pierre Trudeau. However, Clark remained belligerent in his attacks on the Trudeau government, angrily clashing with the Prime Minister in Parliament. Trudeau's attempts to brush off Clark were seen by many Canadians as examples of the pompous attitude of a prime minister who had taken his position for granted. Clark's efforts would prove successful and on June 4, 1979, at
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20. John Roth
    corporation, in addition to continuing to serve as chief operating officer. In October, 1997, Roth became president and chief executive officer of the company which soon changed its name to Nortel Networks. Success Under Roth's control Nortel soon became the leading engine of Canada's 1990s high-tech boom. Nortel became the most important stock traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange and became one of Canada's leading employers. Roth used his success and high popularity to labour the government for tax-cuts, sometimes threatening to move Nortel to the United States if taxes were not lowered. Forbes Magazine of 13 December 2000 referred to
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