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1. List of collective nouns for reptiles and amphibians
   List of collective nouns for reptiles and amphibians Also see Collective noun SUBJECT COLLECTIVE TERM   STATUS crocodiles A bask of crocodiles √ crocodiles A congregation of crocodiles √ crocodiles A float of crocodiles √ crocodiles A nest of crocodiles √ cobras A quiver of cobras √ dragons A flight of dragons √ dragons
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2. Vertebrate
   Vertebrate Vertebrates Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Typical classes Petromyzontida (lampreys) Placodermi - extinct Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) Acanthodii - extinct Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfish) Amphibia (amphibians) Reptilia (reptiles) Aves (birds) Mammalia (mammals) Vertebrata is a subgroup of chordates, specifically, those with backbones or spinal columns. Vertebrates are definied as chordates whose notocord is protected by bones called vertebrae, sometimes referred to as a vertebral column. Vertebrata is the largest and most advanced subphylum, and contains most of
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3. Kingfisher
   level; a move supported by chromosome and DNA-DNA hybridisation studies, but challenged on the grounds that all three groups are monophyletic with respect to the other Coraciiformes; which leads to them being grouped as the suborder Alcedines. The tree kingfishers have been previously given the familial name Dacelonidae but Halcyonidae has priority. Kingfishers live in both woodland and water. The Laughing Kookaburra, at 45 cm the world's largest kingfisher, is a woodland bird, while the European Kingfisher Alcedo atthis is always found near fresh water. Kingfishers that live near water hunt small fish by diving. They also eat crayfish, frogs, and
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4. Kiwi
   on the fruit of Chinese origin, see Kiwifruit. The Kiwi is any of the species of small flightless birds native to New Zealand of the genus Apteryx. At around the size of a domestic chicken, kiwi are by far the smallest living ratites. Though they are thought to be most closely related to either cassowaries or moa, their evolutionary origin is still uncertain. Prior to the arrival of humans in about 1300 CE, New Zealand had no mammals, and the ecological niches that in other parts of the world were filled by creatures as diverse as horses, wolves and mice were
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5. Komodo dragon
   Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Reptilia Order: Squamata Sub-order: Sauria Family: Varanidae Genus: Varanus Species: komodoensis Binomial name Varanus komodoensis The Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) is the largest lizard in the world, growing to a length of 3 metres and weighing between 80 and 140 kg. It is a member of the monitor lizard family, Varanidae. Dragons have keen senses and are considered one of the most intelligent living reptiles. They are carnivores and hunt live prey, with a stealthy approach followed by a sudden short charge (they can run briefly at speeds up to 20 km/h). They have a strong
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6. Vertebrate paleontology
   early aquatic vertebrates to mammals. The earliest known fossil vertebrates were heavily armored fish discovered in rocks from the Ordovician Period about 500 to 430 million years ago. (The phrase 'million years ago' is shortened to 'mya' in most paleontological references). The Devonian Period (395 to 345 mya) brought in the changes that allowed primitive lungfish to remain on land as long as they wished, thus becomng the first terrestrial vert 2000 ebrates, the amphibians. Amphibians developed forms of reproduction and locomotion and a metabolism better suited for life exclusively on land, becoming more reptilian. Full fledged reptiles appeared in the Carboniferous Period
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7. Jaw
   whole of the structures constituting the vault of the mouth and serving to open and close it. In vertebrates, the lower jaw or mandible is the mobile component that articulates at its posterior processes, or rami (singular ramus), with the temporal bones of the skull on either side; the word jaw used in the singular typically refers to the lower jaw. The upper jaw or maxilla is more or less fixed with the skull and is composed of two bones, the maxillae, fused intimately at the median line by a suture; incomplete closure of this suture and surrounding structures may be
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8. Jaguarundi
   coats have no markings except for spots at birth. These cats are more closely related to puma and jaguar than smaller species of cats as evident by their similar genetic structure and chromosome count. Habitat is comprised of a lowland brush area close to a running water source where they have been known to fish successfully from streams and rivers. They will occasionally inhabit dense tropical areas as well. They are known to be crepuscular and nocturnal depending on location. These cats are comfortable in trees, but prefer to hunt on the ground. They prey upon fish, small mammals, reptiles and
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9. Vitamin C
   and independently the Polish Tadeus Reichstein, succeeded in synthesizing the vitamin, the first to be artificially produced. This made possible the cheap mass production of vitamin C. Haworth was awarded the 1937 Nobel Prize for Chemistry largely for this work. In 1959 the American J.J. Burns showed that the reason why some mammals were susceptible to scurvy was due to the inability of their livers to produce the active enzyme L-gulonolactone oxidase, which is the last of the chain of four enzymes which synthesise ascorbic acid. Sources Plant sources Citrus fruits (lime, lemon, orange, grapefruit) and tomatoes are good common sources
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10. Vitamin K
    K in various foods: the chicks were made vitamin K-deficient and subsequently fed with known amounts of vitamin K-containing food. The extent to which blood coagulation was restored by the diet was taken as a measure for its vitamin K content. The precise function of vitamin K was not discovered before 1974, when the vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor prothrombin was isolated from cows which had received a high dose of the vitamin K-antagonist warfarin. It was shown that normal prothrombin contained 10 unusual amino acid residues which were identified as g-carboxyglutamate (abbreviation: Gla). Prothrombin isolated from warfarin-treated cows had normal glutamate
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11. John Edward Gray
    John Edward Gray John Edward Gray (1800 - March 7, 1875) was a British zoologist and Keeper of Zoology at the British Museum in London from 1840 until Christmas 1874. Gray published several catalogs of the museum collections that included comprehensive discussions of animal groups as well as descriptions of new species. Gray improved the zoological collections to make them amongst the best in the world. He wrote: Catalog of Shield Reptiles (1855 and 1870) The Zoological Miscellany. To Be Continued Occasionally. London: Published by Treuttel, Wurtz and Co. (1831)
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12. Jurassic
    M.y.) Aalenian (175-170 M.y.) Lias Toarcian (184-175 M.y.) Pliensbachian (191-184 M.y.) Sinemurian (200-191 M.y.) Hettangian (203-200 M.y.) During the Early Jurassic, the supercontinent of Pangea broke up into North America, Eurasia and Gondwana. But the early Atlantic and Tethyan seas were relatively narrow. In the late Jurassic, the southern continent, Gondwana, started to break up. Climates were warm with no evidence of glaciation. As in the Triassic, apparently there was no land near either pole or ice caps. Jurassic geological record is well exposed in Western Europe, were marine sequences are found along the coast. A shallow sea (epicontinental sea) was
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13. Ichthyosaur
    Ichthyosaur An ichthyosaur (Greek for 'fish lizard') was a marine reptile that lived during a large part of the Mesozoic period. They appeared slightly earlier than dinosaurs (250 million years ago versus 230 ma) and disappeared earlier, too, about 90 ma. During the early Triassic, Ichthyosaurs evolved from as-yet unidentified land reptiles that moved back into the water (analogous to dolphins and whales). They were particularly abundant in the Jurassic period. They belong to the order Ichthyosauria. Ichthyosaurs looked like fish, averaging 2 to 3 metres in length. They had
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14. Images of Crystal Palace
    Images of Crystal Palace Read Crystal Palace to learn about the building and its park. Crystal Palace Photos Redevelopment Scheme Phase 1: Monsters (2001) Redevelopment Scheme Phase 1: Monsters (2001) Redevelopment Scheme Phase 1: Boating Lake (2001) Monsters: Early Marine Reptiles (1993) Monsters: Inguanodons (1998) Monsters: Megalosaurus (1998) Upper Terrace and What was the Italian Gardens (1993) Sphinx Steps to What was the North Transept (late 1980s) Remains of Some Sphinx Steps (late 1980s) Entrance to the Disused Higher Level Railway Station (1987)
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15. Viviparous
    Viviparous Viviparous is a method of animal reproduction in which the embryo develops inside the body of the mother from which it gains nourishment, and not from an egg. Viviparous offspring live independently and require an external food supply from birth. Vivipary is best developed in placental mammals, but also occurs in many reptiles, and a few fishes. See also: Oviparous, Ovoviviparous, Marsupials, and Placental mammals. This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by fixing it.
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16. Yellow Crazy Ant
    a species of ant which originates from India. It has been introduced accidentally to northern Australia and Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean, becoming a pest in both locations. It is a particular problem on Christmas Island. It has adapted its behaviour so that instead of forming colonies with a single queen, it now forms supercolonies with several queens which cooperate rather than fight. This aggressive insect has devastated the wildlife of the island. It will overpower sizeable creatures like reptiles and Robber Crabs and has killed 10-20 million Red Land Crabs. It is estimated that the population of Christmas Island
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17. Herpetoculture
    Herpetoculture Herpetoculture is the keeping of live reptiles and amphibians in captivity, whether as a hobby or as a commercial breeding operation. It is predominantly, but by no means exclusively, an amateur activity conducted by people with little or no formal background in herpetology or other natural sciences. It is slightly different from pet keeping
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18. Herpetology
    Herpetology Herpetology is the branch of zoology concerned with the study of reptiles and amphibians including their structure, classification, and habits.
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19. Herp 1000 etophobia
    Herpetophobia Herpetophobia is the persistent fear of reptiles, or other creepy crawly things. To get over your fear, you can try a number of differant things. There is a hypnosis method, and a physical method. To test the hypnosis method, contact your local hypnotist. To try the physical method: Try to handle a reptile or
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20. History of anatomy in the 17th and 18th centuries
    combination of the microscope and the effects of chemical agents. Bone furnished the first instance in which this method was put in use; and though Gagliardi, who undertook the inquiry, had fallen into some mistakes which it required the observation of Malpighi to rectify, this did not deter London physicians Clopton Havers (died 1702), and Robert Nesbitt (died 1761), who studied at Leiden. Courtial, H. L. Duhamel-Dumonceau and Delasone, and afterwards Herissant, in France, resumed the same train of investigation. The mistakes into which these anatomists fell belong to the imperfect method of inquiry. The facts which they ascertained have been
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