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1. Heavy metals
   Heavy metals The heavy metals are a group of elements between copper and mercury on the periodic table of the elements -- having atomic weights between 63.546 and 200.590 and specific gravities greater than 4.0. Living organisms require trace amounts of some heavy metals, including cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, strontium,
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2. Karzelek
   Karzelek The Karzelek in Polish mythology live in mines and underground workings and are the guardians of gems, crystals, and precious metals. They will protect miners from danger, and lead them back when they are lost. They will also lead them to veins of ore. To people who are evil or insult them they are deadly; pushing them into dark chasms or send
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3. Kerrison Predictor
   from, which were quickly proving to be a decisive weapon in the Blitzkrieg. The Predictor solved the problem by doing all of the calculations mechanically through a complex system of gears. Inputs included wind speed, gravity, ballistics of the gun and the rounds it fired, angle to the target in azimuth and altitude, and a user-input estimated speed. All of these inputs were fed in via dials, which turned gearing inside the Predictor to calculate the range (from the change in angle and estimated speed) and direction of motion, generate the correct lead needed based on that calculation, and the "output"
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4. Kola Peninsula
   from the Kola Gulf through the Imandra Lake, Kola Lake, Niva River to the Kandalaksha Gulf. Covers the area of about 100 000 square km. The north coast is steep and high, the southern is flat. In the west part of the peninsula the mountain ranges are situated: the Khibiny Mountains, the Lovoserskie Mountains (up to 1120 m height). In the central part of the peninsula there's the Keyvy watershed. Kola peninsula is exremely reach with different ores and minerals. Among the others are apatites, alumina sources, iron ore, mica, ceramic raw, titanium ore, flogopit, vermiculit, ores of less-common and colored
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5. Jagadis Chandra Bose
   also known as an excellent teacher who believed in the use of classroom demonstrations, a trait apparently picked up while studying with Lord Rayleigh at Cambridge. He influenced many later Indian physicists, including Satyendra Bose (no relation) who later went on to be an influential figure in 20th century physics. Later he turned his attention to plant physiology, where he gained a new sort of fame with continued claims that plants had nervous responses (of a sort) similar to those of animals. This led him to explore the effects of drugs on plants, and later, non-organic materials such as metals, which
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6. Jan Czochralski
   Czochralski method in 1916, when he accidentally dipped his pen into a crucible of molten tin rather than his inkwell. He immediately pulled his pen out to discover that a thin thread of solidified metal was hanging from the nib. The nib was replaced by a capillary, and Czochralski varified that the crystallized metal was a single crystal. The experiments of Czochralski produced single crystals that were a millimeter in diameter and up to 150 centimeters long. Czochralski published a paper on his discovery in 1918 in the Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, a German chemistry journal, under the title "Ein neues
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7. Jewellery
   Jewellery Jewellery (spelled jewelry in American English) refers to ornamental devices worn by pers 1000 ons, typically made with gems and precious metals. Costume jewelry is made from less valuable materials. However, jewellry can and has been made out of almost every kind of material. Examples include bracelets, necklaces, rings, and earrings, as well as items like hair ornaments or body piercing jewelry. Jewellery, particularly when made with
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8. Jet engine
   Motoren) addressed this problem with the introduction of the axial-flow compressor. Essentially this is a turbine in reverse. Air coming in the front of the engine is blown to the rear of the engine by a fan, where it is crushed against a set of non-rotating blades called stators. The process is nowhere near as powerful as the centrifugal compressor, so a number of these pairs of fans and stators are placed in series to get the needed compression. Even with all the added complexity, the resulting engine is much smaller. Jumo was assigned the next engine number, 4, and the
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9. Jewish symbolism
   the glory of God. The breastplate was in the center of the ephod, as the earth formed the center of the universe; the girdle symbolized the ocean, the stones on the shoulders the sun and moon, and the jewels in the breastplate the twelve signs of the zodiac, while the miter was a token of heaven. The Jerusalem Talmud (Menachot vii. 1) and Midrash Leviticus Rabbah (x.) give the following interpretation: The coat symbolized atonement for murder or for the sin of wearing mixed garments, and the undergarment typified atonement for unchastity. The miter denoted atonement for pride, and the belt
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10. Vibranium
    to be of extraterrestrial origin. Type A first appeared in Fantastic Four #53 by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. Found in the equally fictional African nation of Wakanda, vibranium has the ability to absorb all vibrations in the vicinity. Type B vibranium was first seen in Daredevil #13 by Stan Lee and John Romita. Type B is native to the artificially created Antarctic jungle known as the Savage Land. Type B vibranium produces, rather than absorbs, vibrations. The vibration that Type B vibranium produces liquifies all metals. Type B vibranium is found only in the Savage Land, though certain particle bombardments
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11. John F. Kennedy assassination
    done too far away from the assassination to be useful. A recent analysis sponsored by Court TV, determined that the tape was acutally a recording that took place after the shooting, and that the supposed gunshot sounds did not match test gunshot recordings fired on Dealey Plaza any better than random noise.[1] The Dictabelt recording is a very contested piece of evidence in the Kennedy assassination; studies concluding that the Dictabelt recording was crucial to reach a conclusion, or irrelevant, both exist. Hundreds of studies of the evidence in the Kennedy assassination have been performed over the years - they have
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12. Johann Wilhelm Ritter
    some cases earlier than Carlisle and Nicholson's, Cruickanks', or Davy's experiments. In 1801 he observed thermoelectric currents and anticipated the discovery of thermoelectricity by Thomas Johann Seebeck. In 1802, he developed a dry cell battery from his efforts with electrolytic cells. He found that his new combination worked as well as the Volta pile to charge Leyden jars, and continued to function equally well for six days. Volta's pile worked only about 15 to 20 minutes before exhausting. Ritter again did not publish his work on the dry pile because he stated that his two months of very concentrated research would
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13. 2000 Julian Simon
    Ultimate Resource 2, is a massive assault on the conventional wisdom of population growth and resource consumption. In it, Simon challenged the notion of a pending Malthusian catastrophe - that an increase in population has negative economic consequences, that population is a drain on natural resources, and that we stand at risk of running out of resources through over-consumption. His critique was praised by Nobel Laureate economist Friedrich Hayek. In 1980 Julian Simon and Paul Ehrlich entered into a famous wager, betting on a mutually agreed upon metric of resource scarcity. Simon won the bet. He proposed that they renew the
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14. Juan de Oñate
    Mexico, and the Aztec Emperor Moctezuma (or Montezuma). In 1595 he was ordered by Philip II to colonize the upper Rio Grande valley (explored by Francisco Coronado in 1540. His stated objective was to spread Roman Catholicism and establish new missions, however hopes of finding silver attracted most of his followers. He began the expedition in 1598, fording the Rio Grande at El Paso, Texas in May. That summer his party encamped among the Pueblo Indians of northern New Mexico. Oñate soon gained a reputation as a stern ruler, to both his restless Spanish colonists who sought precious metals, and the
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15. Yerevan
    Yerevan Yerevan (Երևան) is the largest city (1989 pop. 1,201,539) and capital of Armenia. It is situated on the Razdan River. Yerevan is a leading industrial, cultural, and scientific centre in the Caucasus region. It is also at the heart of an extensive rail network and is a major trading centre for agricultural products. In addition, industries in the city produce metals, machine tools, electrical equipment, chemicals, textiles, and food products. Educational and cultural facilities in Yerevan include a university, the Armenian Academy of Sciences, a state museum, and several libraries.
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16. ICP-MS
    ICP-MS ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) is a type of mass spectrometry that is highly sensitive and capable of simultaneous analysis of a range of metals at the parts per a billion level. It is based on coupling together an inductively coupled plasma as an ion source with a mass spectrometer as a method of detecting the ions. 1. ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) - this is a high
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17. Ilyushin Il-4
    production in 1936 as the DB-3, 1,528 being completed by 1939. This was followed by the updated DB-3M, which looked similar with the exception of a much larger and more rounded nose. However the plane was actually quite different internally. Using lessons learned from the Li-2 (Douglas DC-3) the entire plane was re-built using T shaped formers instead of the tubes and U-beams. This lead to a tremendous reduction in the time needed to build the plane, and the DB-3M was hurriedly put into production. A change of engine from the 950hp M-87B to the 1,100hp M-88 resulted in the DB-3F,
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18. Ilmarinen
    Ilmarinen Seppo Ilmarinen is an archetypal artificer from Finnish mythology. He is described as working the known metals of the time, brass, copper, iron, gold and silver among others. Besides the Sampo and the sky, he notably crafted a golden robot wife to satisfy his sexual and other domestic needs since his nerdy traits failed to attract wives of the carnal kind.
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19. Imperial unit
    time of the establishment of the first colonies in North America. The American colonists adopted the English wine gallon of 231 cubic inches, and used it for all purposes. The English of that period used this wine gallon, but they also had another gallon, the ale gallon of 282 cubic inches. In 1824, the British abandoned these two gallons when they adopted the British Imperial gallon, which they defined as the volume of 10 pounds of water, at a temperature of 62°F, which, by calculation, is equivalent to 277.42 cubic inches - much closer to the ale gallon than the wine
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20. Imereti
    Imereti Imereti is a historic province in Western Georgia, situated along the middle and upper reaches of the Rioni River. The province's main city is Kutaisi; other urban industrial centers include Samtredia, Chiatura (food processing), Tkibuli (coal mining), and Zestaphoni (metals), Khoni, Sachkhere. Traditionally, Imereti is an agricultural region, known for its mulberries and grapes. The 800,000 Imeretians speak a Georgian dialect, they are a ethnographic group of Georgian People. In 975-1442 Imereti was part of the united Georgian Kingdom. Imeretians
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